This equation provides an estimate of the soil loss rate in tonshectareyear. Jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class. Using vegetation for erosion control on construction sites. There are many factors which influence the process of soil erosion. Types of erosion splash, rill, gully, and channel erosion are depicted in figure 1. Vetiver grass has become a global bandaid in the prevention of soil erosion because it will grow in most climates and soils source. Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The erosion due to the impact of falling raindrops on soil surface leading to the destruction of the crumb structure is known as the raindrop or splash erosion.
Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. Rain splash only occurs if the rain falls with high intensity. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion the most severe of the four. Soil and water conservation soil erosion free course. There are several serious effects of soil erosion which are as follows. The potential for erosion of a specific soil type largely depends on the severity of the slope, the crops grown, and the number and types of tillage operations. Soil erosion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. When the layer of topsoil is removed, ground becomes unproductive and crops decrease. Moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion.
Bullock, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Several techniques are available to reduce soil erosion, including. Apr 27, 2006 moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion. Farmers need to protect farmland from the wind by planting windbreaks around their land. Erosion is the leading cause of the loss of topsoil and sediment deposits in ditches, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Objectives the objective of this research is to test the influence of 9 types of polyacrylamide pam on water infiltration and soil loss of an arid silt loam soil under simulated rainfall conditions. Feb 28, 2015 jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class. Soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. There are three types of weathering, and each type can lead to erosion and changes in landforms. This sample soil erosion research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only.
The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile. Wind erosion damages the soil by physically removing the most fertile part, lowering waterholding capacity, degrading soil structure, and increasing soil variability across a field, resulting in reduced crop production. Soil moves a few inches and usually is redistributed back over the surface soil.
Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on history topics at affordable price please use custom research paper writing services. Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping. Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion. Erosion under the ground grades 56 short reading comprehensions. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion sheet erosion. Universal soil erosion equation for questions 17, determine what the rate of soil erosion will be without factoring in sustainability measures for two different sites in jordan. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your. Humaninduced intensification of landsliding, caused by vegetation clearance, road construction, etc. It is a process in which the top fertile layer of soil is lost. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands.
Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion. It has been recognized as a major problem since the 1930s and, although there has been some 70 years of research into the causes and processes, it is still increasing and of. Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation along with soil compaction, low organic matter, and loss o f soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization and soil acidity problems. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. Alternatively growing a cereal and a legume in the same field will not only increase the yield, but also increase the fertility of the soil. Erosion whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involve three distinct action. Types of soil erosion and conservation methods legit. Therefore, we can talk of two types of soil erosion viz.
Water erosion is the most prevalent kind of erosion. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free from erosion. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your landscape and protect the environment at the same time. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of soil dirt. Control of rainfallinduced soil erosion with various. Although the process of soil erosion is imperceptibly slow and it can scarcely be detected, the loss over periods of time is indeed very great.
Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion. The ninth lesson in a 10part series includes two different activities related to soil erosion. It also causes plant damage from abrasion, blowouts, and deposition. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. Rain splash erosion happens when raindrops move the soil. Gullies occur when smaller water flows concentrate and cut a channel through the soil. The amount of hill slope erosion largely depends on how the land. Interculturing operations will kill weeds and soil mulches help the plants to be rooted firmly in the soil. Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time. Dec 22, 2015 the following are forms of water erosion. Weathering, soil, and erosion is a noprep printable nonfiction student text. If the soil has eroded, the crops that make food will not grow very well soil erosion was a big problem in the midwestern united states in the 1930s dust bowl erosion also leaves large sinkholes in the ground, which can weaken buildings and even cause them. This lesson plan can easily be used for an introduction or expanded for elementary, secondary, middle school, and university students. The surface layer of the soil can be destroyed by the actions of water or wind, so it is customary to distinguish water and wind erosion of the soil.
Wind erosion occurs mainly in steppe areas with large open spaces. Soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. In this lesson, students work in groups to create a hillside garden and observe what happens during soil erosion. Types of erosion helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. Type description example chemical involves changes in the minerals of the rock. Wind erosion refers to loss of soil by wind, occurring primarily in dry regions. Raindrop splash erosion is caused by the impact of raindrops that detach soil particles. You will first learn about soil erosion from the mechanics, causes and types of soil erosion, as well as various factors affecting soil erosion and the. This erosion is associated with the activities of human beings which are responsible to cause soil destruction, indirectly. Soil erosion is the movement and transport of soil by various agents, particularly water, wind, and mass movement. Learn more about the process of erosion and how it changes things, both natural and manmade, on earths surface every day. It tends to remove silts and clays making the soils sandier.
Landforms slope, slope length, and the shape of the slope are important parts that affect erosion processes for all types of soil erosion. Soil erosion, especially in agricultural systems, affects everyone throughout the world. While there are many types of erosion, all have the same basic process the removal of topsoil by wind or water. Sheet erosion it is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface caused by the wind.
Free research papers are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. This science based informational product will provide students and teachers basic facts about the weathering and erosion of rocks and soil. Break up of soil clodsaggregates and dispersion of soil particles by the kinetic. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. Erosion breaks down rocks and soil, and the pieces are moved from one place to another. Due to uprooting of trees the shortage of timber and fuel wood results.
It is the weathering of particles of fertile soil in areas not protected by vegetation. The free online course, soil and water conservation engineering introduction to soil erosion, will give you a better understanding of soil and water conservation practices and problems. This product includes two pages of background teacher information,15 pages of in. Water erosion covers all forms of soil erosion by water, including sheet and rill erosion and gullying. Sep 21, 2017 soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. There are several types of water erosion that can cause difficulties for topsoil. You must find the reasons why look at the characteristics of rainfall. Sheet erosion transports soil particles in the shallow flow of water as it runs off. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free. Hill slopes are prone to sheet erosion and rill erosion. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of the soil. The activities such as destruction of natural vegetations through deforestation, shifting cultivation, cultivation of crops without soil protecting measures, exposing the bare soil, increasing and concentrating the runoff and changing the quality of soil i. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity.